重症监护病人医院感染因素及其预防

Predisposing factor of nosocomial infection in ICU

目的探讨有效预防和降低重症监护病房(ICU)患者医院感染发生的对策。方法对发生医院感染的151例ICU患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果ICU患者医院感染率为30.2%,感染部位以下呼吸道感染最多,约占60%,其次是泌尿道和胃肠道;感染病菌以革兰阴性杆菌、真菌为主,并与侵袭性操作、不合理使用抗菌素等有关。结论ICU是医院感染高发科室,应作为重点部门监测。提高医务人员对医院感染易感因素的认识,积极采取有效的防范措施,对控制和减少ICU医院感染的发生有着十分重要的意义。

Objective To analyze predisposing factor of nosocomial infection （ND in ICU. Methods The data of patients who suffered from NI in ICU were retrospectively analyzed. Result The incidence rate of NI in ICU was 30.2%, which was significantly higher than that of the whole hospital（4. 223%）. The lower respiratory tract was the most vulnerable site to infection （60%）. The most common infection microorganism was Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, which was relevant with invasive operation and unreasonable use of antibiotics. Conclusion The incidence rate of NI in ICU is higher than that in other departments.