系列顺序短时记忆任务中时间分离效应及理论解释

Time Isolation in Serial Order Short-term Memory and Its Explanation

时间分离效应是指在系列顺序短时记忆任务中,时间间隔越长的项目越容易被一起回忆的现象。介绍了时间分离效应的两种相反理论解释:事件理论和时间理论。前者认为对项目的回忆依赖过去项目信息加工过程中的认知操作,与项目时间属性无关;后者则强调项目在时间维度上分离性会影响项目回忆成绩。剖析了在整合了两种理论的基础上提出的SIMPLE理论对时间分离效应的拟合,拟合结果表明系列顺序短时记忆并不包含时间信息表征。

Time isolation means the item isolated from others can be easily recalled in serial order short-term memory. Time-based accounts and event-based accounts can be used to explain time isolation. According to time-based accounts, items that are temporally isolated from their neighbors during list presentation are more distinct and thus should be recalled better. Event-based theories, by contrast, deny that time plays a role at encoding and predict no beneficial effect of temporal isolation, although they acknowledge that a pause after item presentation may afford extra opportunity for a consolidation process such as rehearsal or grouping. SIMPLE model is used to try to explain time isolation on basis of integrating the two kinds of accounts. Although SIMPLE, by default, relies on timebased representations, its architecture is sufficiently flexible to permit a comparison of those two accounts within a common computational framework. Because neither account includes any consolidation processes, the modeling instances of a procedure in its rehearsal is eliminated by AS. The present article tries to explain time isolation in serial order short-term memory through SIMPLE model.