枇杷种质资源坐果的遗传多样性及其相关分析

Analysis on the Diversity and Correlation of Fruit Bearing in Loquat Germplasm Resources

对国家果树种质福州枇杷资源圃内239份枇杷种质的坐果进行了鉴定评价,结果显示,枇杷种质资源坐果存在丰富的遗传多样性,不同种质类型的枇杷坐果遗传多样性较大,野生枇杷种质坐果达29.5个,大于其他枇杷种质类型,不同国家间枇杷种质坐果遗传多样性不大,但中国13个省(区)间遗传多样性较为丰富,源自云南的种质坐果46.1个,源自台湾的种质坐果仅为9.2个。枇杷种质坐果分布广,种质间差异大,坐果最高的为63.8个,最低的仅为3.8个,平均15.1个,以坐果在6～15个的枇杷种质最多,达150份,占62.8%;高于33个的枇杷种质11份;低于6个的有5份。根据综合分析结果,初步提出了枇杷种质坐果的分级标准。为了解枇杷种质坐果的影响因素,对6个质量性状因子各自不同水平下坐果的差异进行统计分析,结果表明野生枇杷与地方品种、选育品种和野生近缘种的坐果有极显著差异;枇杷种质不同果实排列紧密度间的坐果以及源自云南的枇杷种质与其他省(区)枇杷的坐果均有极显著差异;6个国家(中国、日本、西班牙、新西兰、美国和南非)间、不同果实着生姿态间和果肉颜色间的枇杷种质坐果的差异均不显著。对9个数量性状因子与坐果的相关分析表明,果穗长度和花序支轴数对枇杷种质坐果有极显著影响;花冠直径和侧枝数对坐果有显著影响;其他性状(叶片宽度、总叶片数、叶片长度、中心枝长度和中心枝粗度)对坐果没有影响。本文为枇杷种质资源的坐果生物学研究提供了理论依据。

The fruit bearing of 239 loquat germplasm resources in Loquat Resource Nurseries of Fuzhou National Fruit Gene - pool were studied and the influential factors on fruit bearing were inves- tigated. The results indicated that there was abundant diversity among them. Fruit bearing in different germplasm types had great diversity, such as fruit bearing number in wild loquat germplasm was 29.5, extremely higher than other germplasm types ; fruit bearing number in different provinces （ dis- tricts） had great difference although had little difference in different countries. Among them fruit bearing number of loquat germplasm from Yunnan was 46. 1, and from Taiwan was only 9.2. There was wide distribution and great difference in loquat germplasm, fruit bearing number was high and the average of fruit bearing number was 15.1. 150 out of total 239 loquat germplasm resources were situated between 6 and 15, accounting for 62.8%. 11 germplasm were more than 33 and only 5 germplasm were lower than 6. The grading standard of fruit bearing in loquat was tentatively proposed after muhifactor analysis. 6 qualitative characters with different levels were analyzed by variance analysis.There was very significant different between wild loquat and other 3 loquat types （traditional cultivar, improved cuhivar and wild kindred）. Difference of fruit bearing between Yunnan and other provinces also reached extremely significant level, but difference of fruit bearing among 6 countries （ China, Japan, Spain, New Zealand, USA and South Africa） did not reached extremely significant level. Difference of fruit bearing among 3 attitude of fruit in relation to main axes （ upwards, outwards and downwards） and 5 fruit color types （orange red, orange yellow, yellow, yellowish white and milky） also had not reached extremely significant level. 9 quantitative characters were analyzed and correlation analysis was adopted. The fruit cluster length and secondary peduncles number reached extremely significant effect on fruit bearing, corolla size and the lateral shoots number reached significant effect on fruit bearing, other characters （leaf blade width, number of total leaf blade, leaf blade length, central shoot length and central shoot thickness） had no significant effect on the fruit bearing.