不同栽培制度下温室黄瓜土壤生物学特性的变化

Changes of soil biological characters beneath greenhouse cucumber under different cultivation systems

以连作8年温室黄瓜土壤为研究对象,设计5种栽培制度,以传统两季种植黄瓜、夏季休闲处理为对照,进行3年的盆栽试验,采用第3年数据评价不同栽培制度对土壤质量指标及其相关性、土壤线虫和各茬作物产量的影响.结果表明:夏茬休闲期种植速生叶菜和青蒜增加了土壤微生物量碳含量、微生物总量和蔗糖酶活性,维持了较高的Shannon-Weaver指数,减少了线虫和根结线虫的数量,增加了各茬作物产量,夏茬种植茼蒿、菠菜、青蒜后土壤蔗糖酶活性分别增加了8.9%、36.9%和89.5%,夏茬种植茼蒿和青蒜后Shannon-Weaver指数分别提高了7.7%和9.4%.说明填闲和轮作制度对黄瓜连作土壤质量有一定的修复效果,尤以填闲茼蒿和青蒜效果明显.

A 3-year pot experiment with 8-year continuously cropped greenhouse cucumber soil was conducted to study the effects of different cultivation systems on the soil quality, soil nematode quantity, and crop yields. The third year＇ s data were taken into analysis. Comparing with traditional cultivation system （ two seasons planting cucumber with fallowing in summer） , planting leafy vegetable and garlic in summer increased the yields of the two crops and the soil microbial biomass carbon content, total microbial population, and sucrase activity, decreased the amounts of soil nematode and root-knot nematode, and maintained a relative high Shannon-Weaver index. Planting crown daisy, garlic, and spinach in summer increased soil sucrase activity by 8.9% , 89.5% , and 36.9% , and the planting of crown daisy and garlic also increased the Shannon-Weaver index by 7.7% and 9.4% , respectively. All the results suggested that catching crop and rotation had definite restoration effects on the soil quality under continuously cropping of cucumber, and the effects of planting crown daisy and garlic were more significant.