芦芽山旅游干扰下不同植被景观区物种多样性的比较

Comparison of biodiversity among different vegetation landscape districts under tourism disturbance on Luya Mountain

利用12个物种多样性指数,研究了芦芽山不同植被景观区物种多样性的差异。结果表明:1)随着旅游干扰程度的减少,物种的均匀度和综合多样性表现出不断增大的趋势。至于物种丰富度的变化则与其不同,旅游活动的适度干扰有利于物种丰富度的增加,旅游干扰较少或干扰严重均不利于其增加。2)物种丰富度与坡度呈显著正相关,均匀度与海拔和路宽呈显著正相关,与旅游影响系数呈显著负相关,综合多样性与景观重要值呈显著正相关,与旅游影响系数呈极显著负相关。3)在丰富度指数上,Patrick指数和Margalef指数相对较好,而Menhinick指数相对较差。在均匀度指数上,Pielou指数、Sheldon指数和Heip指数属于一组,Hill指数和修正的Hill指数属于另一组。在综合多样性指数上,Shannon-Wiener指数、Hill的多样性指数N1和N2都表现出一致的变化趋势,而Simpson指数由于计算方式和所反映的生态意义特殊,因而其变化趋势与其它指数不同。

The biodiversity among different vegetation landscape districts on Luya Mountain was compared by 12 indices. It was showed that ： （ 1 ） With decrease of tourism disturbance, species evenness and total diversity increase gradually. As of richness, moderate disturbance makes species be abundant ; however, few or serious disturbance doesnt help to increase. （2） There are clear positive correlation between richness and slope, evenness and elevation and road width, and total diversity and landscape important value. However, there are clear negative correlation between evenness, total diversity and tourism impacting index. （3） About richness indices, Patrick index and Margalef index behave preferably, but Menhinick index doesnt. Among evenness indices, Pielou index, Sheldon index and Heip index belong to one group, and Hill index and the revised Hill index belong to the other group. As of total diversity indices, Shannon - Wiener index, the N1 and the N2 of Hill index have a consistent trend. However, Simpson index is different with them because of its calculating manner and the especial ecological meaning.