明清晋北蝗灾统计特征及灾情分析

The statistic characters and analysis of the locust disaster in northern Shanxi Province during the Ming and Qing Dynasty

通过搜集史料，对明清时期晋北地区蝗虫灾害发生的统计特征及其与其它灾害耦合关系进行了分析。结果显示：明清时期晋北地区蝗灾分布呈不均衡性，发生次数较多的时段为1340～1359，1520～1539，1560～1579，1640～1659，1820～1839；1520年之后蝗灾发生频率较高，1380～1520年出现一个“无灾”期；晋北蝗灾发生的时间主要集中在夏秋两季，具体为农历的五、六、七月间，夏秋蝗灾可能会连续发生；晋北蝗灾主要发生在大同府、保德州、定襄、五台等地；旱蝗相继，关系密切，时常引起饥疫等灾荒。从典型个案分析，蝗灾持续时间长，影响范围广，反复成灾，灾情严重。

Based on the historical records, the statistics characters of the locust disaster and its relation with the other disasters in Northern Shanxi Province during the Ming and Qing Dynasty were analyzed. The results showed that in this area, the distribution of the locust disaster presented imbalance, and during the Ming and Qing Dynasty, the locust disaster occurred more frequently in 1340 - 1359,1520 - 1539,1560 - 1579,1640 - 1659,1320 1839, especially after 1520. And there were no locust disaster record in 1380 - 1520 in this area. It seemed that most locust disaster occurred in Spring and Autumn （ May - July of lunar calendar ）, and sometimes appeared continuously. In northern Shanxi Province, the locust disaster mainly occurred in Datong state, Baode state, Dingxiang county and Wutai county etc. area. We found that the frequency of locust disaster correlated negatively with drought, and often followed with famine, pestilence etc. disaster. Case studies emphasized the severe aftermath of locust disaster in this area.