汶川地震文县居民心理伤害相关问题调查

Study on Problems Related to Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster Psychological Traumas of People in Wenxian

目的了解汶川地震中文县受灾群众的心理状况,为开展灾害心理干预提供依据。方法采用心理健康自评问卷及焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对随机抽取的420名文县居民进行调查。结果灾后情绪变化:56.0%的调查对象不快乐,39.6%经常痛哭,56.7%感到痛苦,40.7%丧失兴趣,69.2%感到不安、紧张、担忧,27.0%想结束生命;SAS得分为56.48±10.43,高于全国常模,差异有统计学意义(u=29.82,P<0.001);SDS得分为49.88±11.38,高于国内常模,差异有统计学意义(u=12.30,P<0.001);灾后应激障碍:59.3%的调查对象出现头痛,50.5%出现食欲差,56.0%出现睡眠差,58.2%易受惊吓,29.7%出现手抖,50.5%出现消化不良,42.9%出现思维不清晰,60.4%出现胃部不适,85.7%出现疲劳。结论地震灾害给灾区民众带来了严重心理伤害,必须加强地震灾害后心理救援,加强干预和调控,以减少灾民的心理痛苦。

Objective To evaluate the psychological trauma incurred by the people in wenxian after the Wenchuan earthquake so as to provide relevant information for psychological and medical interventions. Methods The psychological state of the people after the earthquake was investigated using a mental health self-assessment questionnaire, self-rating anxiety scale, and self-rating depression scale. Results We found： 56.0% of the respondents were not happy, 39.6% often cried bitterly, 56.7% felt pain, 40.7% lost interest, 69.2% felt uneasy, nervous, or worried, and 27.0% would like to end their lives; the SDS scores （56.48±110.43） and SAS scores （39.88±11.38） of the people were significantly higher than those of the national norms （P〈0.001）. The following symptons appeared： 59.3% had headache, 50.5% poor appetite, poor sleeping 56.0%, 58.2% were easily frightened, tremors 29.7%, 50.5% dyspepsia, 42.9% thoughts fuzzy, 60.4% stomach discomfort, fatigue 85.7%. Conclusion The earthquake disaster brought about serious psychological harm to people. It is necessary to strengthen post-earthquake psychological relief and strengthen interventions in order to reduce the psychological suffering of victims.