牛初乳液态奶和牛初乳粉的加工工艺探讨

Studies on Processing Skills of Colostrum

在查阅大量资料的基础上,结合乳品厂工作的实践经验,探讨牛初乳液态奶和牛初乳粉的加工工艺,结果表明,牛初乳的加工工艺与常乳大体相同,只是由于牛初乳的热稳定性差,其杀菌、干燥、浓缩等工艺条件与常乳不同。通常条件下,牛初乳的杀菌温度为60℃,时间为30min,也可以用辐照等高科技技术手段杀菌,辐照杀菌采用^(60)Co,剂量≤8.4kGy;真空浓缩压力>81kPa,温度≤60℃,浓缩后的奶液干物质含量达到40%～60%;干燥可以采用冷冻真空干燥或低温真空喷雾干燥法,前者用小于规模干燥,真空度为0.3～0.8MPa,料液受热温度<65℃,热蒸汽温度控制在70～75℃。

This paper is a comprehensive thesis about studies on processing skills of colostrum. Colostrum are the same processing skills as normal milk, but the stability of heating of colostrum is weaker than normal milk. Because that colostrum of the sterilization, concentrating are different from normal milk. The conditions of colostrum sterilization are usually temperature 60 ℃, 30 min, or radialization of ^60Co is the standard of dose ≤ 8.4 kGy. The conditions of vacuum concentrating are the temperature lower than 60 ℃ and vacuum pressure higher than 0.8 negative atmospheric pressure. Milk solids concentrated is 40%-60%. There are two metheds in evaporation, refrigerant evaporation with vacuum or spray evaporation with vacuum. 0.5-0.8 MPa of vacuum is used in refrigerant evaporation, the temperature of colostrum should be lower than 65 ℃ and steam temperature should be controlled from 75-70 ℃.