基于机制设计理论的环境政策初探

Preliminary Analysis of Environmental Policy Based on Mechanism Design Theory

机制设计理论是研究在市场失灵的情况下,如何设计一套机制达到既定社会目标的理论。而环境问题的特殊性质使得单纯依靠市场无法合理有效的解决环境问题,这就需要机制设计这一理论的指导。基于机制设计理论的原理,已探索出很多环境政策,有效的预防并解决了污染问题,使公众利益与社会的总体利益达到了"激励相容"。本文在以排污税、排污权交易等环境政策的设计为例,探讨了机制设计理论在环境政策制定中的应用,同时分析了机制设计理论存在的问题,指出在经济全球化的背景下,依靠机制设计理论解决环境问题遇到的瓶颈,提出了利用机制设计理论制定环境政策未来的可能方向和着力点。

The mechanism design theory involves finding out strategies to realize given social objectives when the market failure happens. Due to its special property the environmental problems can not be solved depending only on market mechanism. So the direction of mechanism design theory is needed. Based on mechanism design theory, many environmental policies have been explored, which effectively prevented and solved the pollution problems, and made the public interests and overall social interests achieve ＂ incentive compatibility＂. In this paper, through the design of environmental policies such as effluent fee and carbon trading, for example, the application of mechanism design theory for environmental policy- making was discussed. Additionally the problems existing in mechanism design theory was analyzed. It pointed out the bottleneck when mechanism design theory was used to solve environment problems in the context of economic globalization. The future possible direction and acting point when it is used to make environmental policies was proposed.