木荷优树子代苗期生长遗传和变异研究

Inheritance and Variation of Seedling Growth Traits of Open-pollinated Families from Plus-tree in Schima superba

利用设置在福建建瓯、浙江龙泉和淳安3个试验点的96～141个木荷优树自由授粉家系苗期测定材料，以研究和揭示其苗木生长和叶片形态性状的家系遗传变异规律。方差分析结果显示，木荷苗高、地径、叶片数、叶片长和叶片宽等在家系间的遗传差异皆达到极显著水平。性状遗传力估算值显示，苗高和叶片长分别受中等和较强的家系与加性遗传控制，而地径、叶片数和叶片宽等则受弱度至中等的家系和加性遗传控制。试验观测到，与来自较北部和较高海拔地区的家系比较，来自较南部和低海拔地区的家系在各区试点的苗木生长量大、叶片宽大、叶片数多，说明木荷苗木生长和叶片形态的家系效应中还存在明显的产地效应。木荷苗高和地径等不仅立地效应显著，而且存在显著的家系与立地互作效应。基于家系苗期测定结果，以苗高为标准，分别为水热条件较好的中心产区（福建建瓯）、一般产区（浙江龙泉）和水热资源较差的北缘区（浙江淳安）初选出20个速生的优良家系。

The field trails with 96 -141 open-pollinated families from plus-tree of Schima superba, located at Jian＇ ou of Fujian, Longquan and Chun＇ an of Zhejiang, were conducted to investigate the family inheritance and genetic variation for seedling growth and leaf shape traits. The result of variance analysis showed that there existed significant differences among families tested for seedling height, base diameter, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width. It was found that seedling height and leaf length were respectively under moderate and strong family and additive genetic control, while base diameter, number of leaves and leaf width were under weak or moderate family and additive genetic control. Compared with the families from the higher latitude and higher altitude from the lower latitude and lower altitude regions had larger growth increment, longer, wider which indicated significant effect of seed source besides the family effect for seedling growth regions, the families and denser leaves, and leaf shape. Not only significant location effect but also significant interaction of family by location existed for seedling height and base diameter of Schima superba. Based on the family trial result at seedling stage, recommended for seedling height, 20 superior familes were selected respectively for the central distribution area with better water and heat conditions （Jian＇ ou of Fujian）, the general distribution area （Longquan of Zhejiang） and the northern distribution area with worse water and heat conditions （ Chun＇ an of Zhejiang）.