某地集装箱制造企业电焊工尘肺的流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation of welder＇s pneumoconiosis in two container manufacturing industries in Guangdong province

目的调查广东集装箱制造企业电焊工尘肺发病状况，提出防治对策。方法采用职业流行病学调查方法研究2家集装箱厂（A、B厂）电焊作业工人电焊工尘肺发病现况。结果2004年前，工作场所中电焊烟尘浓度合格率较低（0～40％），时间加权平均（TWA）浓度最高达26．7mg／m^3。A厂经通风除尘系统改造，2004年后，合格率达85％。受检的813例电焊作业工人中，诊断电焊工尘肺19例（Ⅰ期15例，Ⅰ^＋期4例），患病率为2．34％（19／813），发病年龄（33．5±4．6）岁，接尘工龄（8．0±2．0）年；X射线胸片表现以圆形小阴影P为主，肺功能测定每分钟最大通气量（MVV）、呼出25％肺活量流速（FEF25％）、FEF50％和FEF75％值明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论集装箱制造业电焊工尘肺具有接尘工龄较短、影像学改变以圆形小阴影P为主的特点。治理电焊烟尘危害是集装箱制造业职业病防治工作的重点。

Objective To investigate the incidence of welder＇s pneumoconiosis in container manufacturing industries in Guangdong province and present some preventive and curative strategy. Methods Occupational epidemiology study methods were used to study the incidence of welder＇s pneumoconiosis in two container manufacturing enterprises （enterprise A and enterprise B ）. Results Before 2004, the rate of up-tostandard of weld fume concentration in the workplaces was relatively low （≤40%）, and the maximum value of time weighted average （TWA） was 26.7mg/m^3 . After 2004, with the system of dust control, the rate of up-tostandard was 85% in the enterprise A. Of the 813 weld workers examined, 19 were diagnosed as welder＇s pneumoconiosis （stage Ⅰ was 15, while Ⅰ^ ＋ was 4 ） and the incidence was 2.34% （19/813）. The age of electric welders suffering from welder＇s pneumoconiosis and the duration of dust exposure were （33.45±4.64） and （8.04±1.97） years respectively. Chest radiographic examination showed mainly small round opacities ＂p＂. The value of MVV, FEF25%, FEF50% and FEF75% in lung function tests were significantly lower than those of the control group （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Conclusion The main features of welder＇ s pneumoconiosis in container manufacturing industries are the short duration of dust exposure, and small round opacities ＂p＂ in the chest radiographs. Therefore, it should be the key point of the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in this industry to control the harmful weld fume.