植物表面的毛对螨类的影响及其对害螨生防的启示

Effects of trichomes of plant surface on mites and its enlightenment on biological control of pest mites.

植物表面的毛可分为单细胞毛和多细胞毛(一般是腺毛)两大类。它们对植物上的螨类有直接或间接的影响。植物表面毛的作用可分为物理作用和化学作用:物理作用有影响活动、提供附着物(防止从叶面脱落)、提供隐蔽环境(防止捕食者捕食)、改善微环境(主要是维持叶面湿度)或捕捉并维持补充食物量(如花粉、菌类孢子)等形式;化学作用是毛本身所含的或受害螨为害后被诱导产生的化学物质对螨的生长发育和存活产生的影响,或作为有害螨存在的信号对捕食螨发挥作用。关于植物表面的毛对螨类的影响,国内研究得很少。国外的研究多数集中于各种植物上的毛对二斑叶螨Tetranychusurticae等害螨和智利小植绥螨Phytoseiuluspersimilis等捕食性螨的影响。植物表面的毛对螨类的影响很复杂。充分理解各种植物上的毛对螨类的影响可以获得关于害螨生物防治的重要启示。

The trichomes on plant surfaces fall into two categories： unicellular and multi-cellular ones. They have direct or indirect effect on the mites on plant surface. The effects of the trichomes demonstrate either physical or chemical aspect. Tile physical features may affect the activities of mites, provide adherence, furnish camouflaging shelter, improve the micro-environment, and offer food supplies to the mites. The latter is that the influence on the growth and survival of mites by the chemical substances which are produced by trichomes originally or generated after the trichomes are under attack. And the chemical effect also lies in the fact that the chemical substances can serve as an indication of the existence of the pest mites, hence affecting predacious mites. Research on the effects of the trichomes on mites is seldom conducted in China and relevant research in foreign countries is mainly focused upon the effects of trichomes of different plant species on spider mites such as Tetranychus urticae and predacious mites such as Phytoseiulus persimilis. The trichome effects oil the mites are fairly complicated and knowledge on the subject can be of utmost importance for us to gain insight into the biological control of pest mites.