清代屯垦对新疆农业发展的影响

The Effects of the Military Reclamation on the Agricultural Development in Xinjiang during the Qing Dynasty

新疆尤其是北疆地区在清代以前一直缺乏大规模的农业人口,农业发展缓慢落后。清代实施的屯垦政策改变了这一状况,农业人口大量迁入,促进了新疆的农区拓展和农牧结构调整,给当地经济和社会造成深远影响。迁移人口带来新的作物蔬菜品种和种植技术,与当地人民一道在生产实践中总结出因地、因时制宜的生产技术,共同促进了当地农业进步,使新疆农业发展水平空前提高,与内地旱作省份的差距缩小。

Before the Qing Dynasty,Xinjiang,especially the northern part,had been shorting of large scale agricultural population,which made its farming lagged-off.But,this situation was changed with the implementation of the Military reclamation policy by Qing dynasty.A great deal of immigration promoted the expansion of agricultural zone,and regulated the structure of farming and stockbreeding,created profound effects on local economy and society.The immigration brought in some new crop,vegetable species and planting skills.They,together with the locals got some productive techniques in accordance with the local conditions of that time during the long production process,consequently,speeded agriculture level of Xinjiang to reach an all-time high level,and reduced the gap between Xinjiang and the dry farming provinces in inland China.