ICP-AES测定中国小麦微核心种质库籽粒矿质养分含量

Application of ICP-AES to Detecting Nutrients in Grain of Wheat Core Collection of China

矿质营养,尤其是微量元素Fe和Zn对于人体健康的影响已经受到广泛的关注。了解我国小麦籽粒矿质养分状况对于通过育种途径改善作物品质以及人体健康有重大意义。该研究采用微波消解,ICP-AES分析方法对262份我国小麦微核心种质库的籽粒微量元素(Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu)和其他矿质养分(Mg,Ca,K,P)含量进行了分析测定,结果表明我国小麦籽粒中八种矿质营养元素浓度都存在显著的基因型差异;小麦籽粒中Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu四种微量元素浓度间均存在明显的正相关关系,Fe和Mn相关系数为0.395**,Fe和Zn为0.424**,Fe和Cu为0.574**,Mn和Cu为0.474**。春性和冬性小麦间籽粒八种矿质养分含量基本没有差异。这些研究结果为进行籽粒富含矿质营养小麦品种的选育提供了重要依据。

Deficiency of micronutrients, especially iron and zinc, has been a serious malnutrition problem worldwide in human health. Increasing Fe and Zn concentrations in grains by means of plant breeding is a sustainable, effective and important way to improve human mineral nutrition and health. However, little information on grain Fe and Zn concentrations in Chinese wheat genotypes is available. Therefore. to determine the nutrients status especially these of micronutrients in wheat grain is necessary and very useful. Two hundred sixty two genotypes were selected from the wheat mini core collections, which contained 23090 wheat genotypes in China and represented 72.2% of total genetic variation. All 262 genotypes were grown in soils of similar geographical and climate location in order to minimize the environmental effect. After harvesting, the grains were washed with deionized water and dried （around 70℃）, then digested in HNO3 solution using a microwave accelerating reaction system （MARS）. Nutrient concentrations in stock solution were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP AES）. Remarkable genetic variations among grain nutrient concentrations （Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca, K and P ） in the tested genotypes were detected. The concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ca, Mg, K and P in wheat grain were in the ranges of 34.2-61.2, 26.3-76.0, 20.9 56.7, 3.4-9.8, 290-976, 1 129-2 210 mg·kg^-1; 0.34%-0.85% and 0.296%-0.58%, respectively. The corresponding average values were 45.1, 50. 2, 37.9, 6.5, 515, 1 772 mg·kg^-1 , 0. 55% and 0. 451%, respectively. Significant positive correlations between micronutrients （Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu） in wheat grains were detected, and the correlation coefficients were 0. 395^＊＊ （Fe and Mn）, 0. 424^＊＊ （Fe and Zn）, 0. 574^＊＊（Fe and Cu）, and 0. 474^＊＊（Mn and Cu）. respectively. However, no significant difference was found in grain nutrient concentrations between spring--wheat and winterwheat genotypes. This study provides valuable and important information for breeding wheat genotypes which are enriched with minerals in grains, especially Fe and Zn.