某氮肥厂场地土壤PAHs污染特征研究

Characteristics of the PAHs in Typical Chemical Venues in Guangzhou

采用现场采样及室内测试方法对广州某氮肥厂原料车间和油库区土壤中16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量进行调查研究,分析了∑PAHs含量及其组成特征和垂直分布特征,并在此基础上进行了源解析。结果表明,分析样品中∑PAHs范围在10～7795μg·kg-1,原料车间土壤中的∑PAHs小于油库区土壤中的,菲、芘、荧蒽、并(b)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘为主要污染物;油库土壤0～40cm的样品中16种PAHs均有检出,∑PAHs和单体分布基本一致;原料车间土壤∑PAHs和单体浓度随着地面深度的增加而减少。通过对单组分比值(菲/蒽,荧蒽/芘)的分析可以看出油库区土壤中PAHs来源于石油和燃烧源,而原料车间污染源主要为燃烧源。

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are a class of toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds, and their characteristics such as conc.entrations, distribution and degradation in the environment caused wide research interest in recent years. The US Environmental Protection Agency has listed 16 PAHs as priority pollutants. In this paper, the concentration and composition of the 16 PAHs in the soil of the raw materials workshop and the oil tank sites at chemical venues of Guangzhou had investigated using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The 12 holes with 30 soll samples were completed. 16 USEPA PAHs had detected in all soil samples in depot. The concentrations of ∑PAHs （total of 16 PAH ） ranged from 10 to 7 795 μg·kg^-1, and ∑PAHs in the workshop materials soil samples were lower than that in oil tank site soil samples. The major pollutants in soil samples were phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoranthene, benzo [b]fluoraeene and benzo [a] pyrene, their highest concentration was 1 404.2μg·kg^-1, 1 229.3 μg·kg^-1, 117.7 μg·kg^-1, 803.1 μg·kg^-1, 507.0 μg·kg^-1, respectively. The distribution of ∑PAHs and monomer were similar, the concentration of ∑PAHs and monomer in the raw materials workshop soils reduced with increasing of the depth. The characteristic ratios of phenanthrene/antbracene and fluoranthene/pyrene indicated that the PAHs pollutants in the soils of oil tank zone was from leakage contamination, and in the soil of materials warehouse mainly from atmospheric deposition.