磷肥和有机肥对不同磷水平土壤磷渗漏影响研究

The Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer and Manure on Phosphorus Leaching in Different Phosphorus Levels Soil

采用土柱培养的模拟试验方法研究了在不同磷水平土壤上大量施用磷肥和有机肥对土壤测试磷、土壤磷渗漏的影响及影响机理。结果表明,不同磷水平土壤施用磷肥或有机肥土壤CaCl2-P、Olsen-P和土壤渗漏液中可溶性磷均显著增加;单位量磷肥或有机肥所增加土壤各形态磷量随土壤磷水平的增加而增大;随着磷肥或有机肥用量的增加,单位量磷肥或有机肥所增加各形态磷量也逐渐增大,差异均达到显著和极显著水平。在施用磷肥的基础上增施有机肥可以提高土壤CaCl2-P、Olsen-P含量和土壤渗漏液中可溶性磷的增长幅度。土壤磷的渗漏量与土壤测试磷呈显著正相关;单位量磷肥或有机肥所增加的土壤渗漏磷量随着磷肥或有机肥用量以及土壤磷水平的增加而增加。Olsen-P含量与土壤磷吸持指数(PSI)呈显著负相关关系,与土壤磷的吸附饱和度(DPS)呈显著正相关关系。

The effect of phosphate fertilizer and manure on soil test phosphorus and phosphorus leaching in different phosphorus levels soil was studied by soil column experiment. The results showed that the content of soil CaCI2-P, Olsen-P and soluble P in leakage water were all increased significantly after applying phosphate fertilizer or manure in soils with different phosphorus lev.els. The increase range of the various forms of soil phosphorus by the same amount of P addition was increased with soil P levels. In comparison of synthetic phosphate fertilizer treatment, the application of synthetic P fertilizer and manure increased the soil CaC12-P, soil Olsen-P and soluble P in leakage water. There was high correlation between the rate of leached phosphorus from the soil and soil test phosphorus. The soil test phosphorus could be increased by increasing phosphate fertilizer or manure and soil phosphorus levels. The degree of phosphorus sorption saturation could be increased by improving soil phosphorus levels. The main conclusions were that the degree of phosphorus sorption saturation and the rate of leached phosphorus from the soil were increased with the increase of the rate phosphate fertilizer and manure in soils of different phosphorus levels, however, the phosphorus sorption index was decreased.