含DMPP抑制剂尿素的氨挥发特性及阻控对策研究

Ammonia Volatilization Loss Character of Urea with DMPP Addition and Its Controlling Strategy

采用原状土柱模拟方法,探讨了施肥水平、添加不同碳氮比(C/N)有机物、不同类型土壤、土壤水分含量及温度对含3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate,DMPP)硝化抑制剂的尿素(DMPP尿素)氨挥发损失的影响。结果表明,施肥水平对DMPP尿素的氨挥发损失有显著影响,随着DMPP尿素施用量的增加,土壤氨挥发损失量呈显著上升的趋势;DMPP尿素配施低C/N比的有机物鸡粪,氨挥发损失增加6.0%;而配施高C/N比的生物秸秆,则表现为可抑制78.2%的氨挥发损失;DMPP尿素的氨挥发损失受土壤理化性质影响很大,在肥力高的碱性土壤中氨挥发损失严重,而在酸性红壤和阳离子交换量高的青紫泥中挥发损失量较低;在土壤含水量为田间饱和持水量时,氨挥发损失表现为急剧增加;随着土壤温度的升高,氨挥发损失的量快速递增。合理控制施肥量、选择配施高C/N比的生物秸秆和适宜的水分管理方式是减少农田氨挥发损失的重要对策。

In a simulated soil column experiment, the influence of urea with 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate （DMPP） addition on ammonia volatilization loss was studied at different nitrogen applied level, organic material addition with different ratio of C/N, different soil type, different soil water content and different soil temperature. The results showed that, ammonia volatilization loss was greatly affected by fertilizer applied level. The ammonium volatilization loss was increased significantly with the increasing fertilizer applied level. The organic material with low ratio of C/N added to urea with DMPP incorporation could increase the ammonia volatilization loss by 6.0%, while the straw with high ratio of C/N added to urea with DMPP incorporation could greatly decrease the ammonium volatilization loss by 78.2%. The soil characters also greatly affected the ammonia volatilization loss, and ammonia volatilization loss was in a serious level in loam soil, while it was in a low level in acid red soil and heavy clay soil with high cation exchange capacity. The ammonia volatilization loss was also in a serious level under saturation soil water content and was greatly increased with the increasing of soil temperature. Selecting the proper fertilizer applied level, using the organic material with high ratio of C/N, choosing the proper soil water content and the low using temperature are the effective controlling strategy for decreasing the ammonium volatilization when DMPP urea apply in agriculture field.