脑性耗盐综合征的诊断和治疗进展

Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome and Hyponatremia

低钠血症是神经科重症患者最常出现的电解质紊乱。脑性耗盐综合征（CSW）是由颅内疾病引起的肾性失钠导致的低钠血症和细胞外液的丢失。其发病机制仍末完全清楚。除一些利钠因子的作用外，交感神经反射在CSW中也发挥了作用。CSW和（抗利尿激素分泌异常综合征）SIADH的鉴别存在困难，关键在予容量的状态。排除一些其他的原因也非常必要。治疗有赖于液体的支持和盐的平衡。盐皮质激素在一些复杂的病例中可能有用。

Hyponatremia is the most frequent electrolyte disorder in critically neurological patients. Cerebral salt wasting syndrome （CSW） is defined as a renal loss of sodium during intracranial disease leading to hyponatremia and a decrease in extracellular fluid volume. The pathogenesis of this disorder is still not completely understood. Sympathetic responses as well as some natriuretic factors play a role in thissyndrome. Distinction between SIADH and CSW might be difficult. The essential point is the volemic state. It is necessary to rule out other intermediate causes. Treatment requires volume replacement and maintenance of a positive salt balance. Mineral corticoids may be useful in complicated cases.