咽丛神经切断术的应用解剖

Applied anatomy of pharyngeal plexus neurectomy

目的：为提高全喉切除术后用发音管发音重建的成功率。方法：在４０具成人头颈部标本上观察咽丛神经的起源、走行、分支支数及类型，测量咽丛神经的分支在咽后壁舌骨大角水平至舌大角的平均距离。结果：咽丛神经的位置较为恒定，分支相对规则，两侧基本对称。咽上缩肌大部分由舌咽神经分支支配，咽下缩肌大部分由迷走神经分支支配。结论：在一侧舌骨大角后内侧咽缩肌的后表面６．５ｍｍ左右，可找到咽丛神经支配咽下缩肌的主支，将其阻滞或切断，达到解除咽下缩肌痉挛的目的。

bjective:To raise the successful rate of postlaryngectomy in patients with prosthesis of voice restoration.Methods:The morphology of pharyngeal plexus nerve was observed in forty normal adult cadavers. Results:The location of the pharyngeal plexus nerve is constant with regular and almost symmetry branches at both sides.Most parts of the superior constrictor are controlled by the branches of glossopharyngeal nerve,and most parts of the inferior constrictor are controlled by branches of the ragus nerve.Conclusions:The main branches of the pharyngeal plexus nerve which controls the inferior contrictor can be found on the posterior side of hylid angle,which is about 6.5 cm from the posterior side of contrictor.The spasm of the inferior contrictor can be resolved by blocking or cuting off of the nerve.