垂体与鞍隔孔的显微解剖及临床意义

Microsurgical anatomy of pituitarium and sellar septal foramen

目的：为开展经鼻蝶窦垂体瘤切除术及功能性鼻窦内窥镜手术提供垂体窝区的解剖学基础。方法：对５０个头部标本的鞍区正常垂体以及鞍隔孔的显微解剖观测。结果：①正常垂体的形状主要有扁圆形、球形及三角形三种，其前后径为１０．１±１．６ｍｍ，左右径为１４．３±２．０ｍｍ，上下径为６．５±１．４ｍｍ；②鞍隔孔的形状主要有圆形及椭圆形两种，其孔径：圆形直径为７．０±１．９ｍｍ；椭圆形左右径为９．５±１．８ｍｍ，前后径为７．２±１．４ｍｍ。结论：垂体与颈内动脉间的关系及鞍隔孔的大小对临床实际工作具有直接的指导意义。

bjective:This article provides an anatomical basis for the transsphenoidal operation of pituitary adenoma and functional endoscopic surgery.Methods:50 cadaveric head specimens were observed of the pituitarium and seller septal foramen in sella turcica region.Results: Three types of normal pituitarium were observed in Chinese,oblate, globosity and triangle. The pituitarium is 10.1±1.6 mm anteroposteriorly,14.3±2.0 mm transversely and 6.5±1.4 mm vertically.There are two types of sellar septal foramen,round and ellipse.In the round one,it is 7.0±2.0 mm in diameter, and in the ellipse one,it is 9.5±1.8 mm and 7.2±1.4 mm in diameters.Conclusions:The relationship between the pituitarium and the internal carotid arteries and the size of sellar sepral foramen plays a significant role in clinical operation.