知识产权法定主义的缺陷及其克服--以侵权构成的限定性和非限定性为中心

The Defects of the Numberus Clauses of Intellectual Property and the Resolution Thereof

知识产权法定主义存在过分依赖立法者理性认识能力、忽视司法过程的能动性和创造性、难以很好地适应社会发展的缺陷。从侵权构成的角度看,其缺陷的实质在于严格坚持侵权构成的限定性。为了克服知识产权法定主义的缺陷,从侵权构成的角度看,应当坚持侵权构成的非限定性。在知识产权领域中坚持侵权构成的非限定性,应当对类型化的权利以外的应受法律保护的利益做出适当限制,以防止法官滥用司法自由裁量权,为此应当区别类型化的权利和类型化权利以外的利益,并在此基础上对权利享有者和利益享有者配置不同的请求权。

The Numberus Clauses of Intellectual Property has certain defects,such as over-dependence on legislators' rational and cognitive ability,overlooking the dynamic and creative role in judicial process and incapable of adapting itself to social development. From the perspective of constructive conditions of tort,the essence of those defects lies in the strict adherence to the qualification on the constructive conditions of tort. In order to resolve the defects of the Numberus Clauses of Intellectual Property,we should stick to the non-qualification of the constructive conditions of tort. In the field of intellectual property,therefore,proper restrictions on the interests under legal protection but not covered within the category of type-classified rights should be imposed,so to prevent the abuse of judicial discretion. For this reason,a distinction between type-classified rights and interests discussed above should be drawn,and on the basis of this,different claims for rights holders and interests holders should be defined.