基于交通集成度分析的城市饭店空间布局研究——以风景旅游城市桂林主城区为例

A Study on the Spatial Layout of Urban Hotels Based on the Analysis of Transportation Integration Degree——Taking Urban Area of Tourist City Guilin as An Example

随着公路交通和运输工具的不断发展,特别是自驾车旅游方式的兴起,饭店的空间结构对城市内部交通集成度的依赖性不断增强。在对城市饭店空间分布研究脉络的梳理中可以发现,以往的研究缺乏对饭店空间结构与交通拓扑结构的定量研究。本文运用空间句法的技术方法对风景旅游城市桂林主城区各等级饭店所在交通轴线的整体集成度和局部集成度进行分析,发现桂林饭店空间分布与伊甘(Egan)和尼尔德(Nield)基于竞标地租理论推演出来的城市饭店空间等级模型(饭店等级越高,越倾向选址于城市中心)并不完全吻合,而表现出一种新的形态。对旅游城市而言,随着旅游者(特别是高端旅游者)的需求日益多元化,城市中心已经不是影响高级别饭店布局的决定性因素。研究表明桂林主城区只有低等级饭店(非星级饭店和二星级饭店)的空间分布符合该模型,三星级以上饭店随着对交通集成度依赖程度逐步减弱,而倾向远离城市中心。

With the constant development of highway transportation and traffic carriers, especially the rise of self-driving travel mode, the dependence of hotels＇ spatial structure upon urban inner transportation integration degree is increasingly being strengthened. After studying the spatial layout of urban hotels, we can find that the former study used to lack the quantitative analysis of the relation between locations of urban hotels and topological integration of transportation. The paper, by using spatial syntax technical method to analyze the integral and partial integration degree of transportation axis in which different rates of hotels in Guilin are located, finds that the spatial layout of hotels in Guilin is not completely in comply with urban hotels＇ spatial rank model inferred by Egan and Nield based on the theory of bidding land rent（The higher a hotel＇s rank, the nearer it tends to be located in the downtown）, manifesting itself a new form. As to a tourist city, due to the pluralistic needs of the tourists （especially high-end tourists）, city center has not been a decisive factor that affects the layout of top notch hotels. The study indicates that there are only low-class hotels （non-star hotels and two-star hotels） in the city center of Guilin, whose spatial layout conforms to that model. With the gradual decrease of dependence upon transportation integration degree, three-star hotels tend to be far away from the downtown.