东北典型黑土区乌裕尔河中游泥沙输移月年时间尺度特征

Sediment transport characteristics at the monthly and yearly scales in midstream of Wuyuer River in the typical black soil region of Northeastern China

水土流失是土壤侵蚀、泥沙输移和沉积的统一体。东北黑土区有关河流泥沙输移时间尺度的研究有助于更好的揭示黑土区土壤侵蚀规律和泥沙运移机制。本文以典型黑土区乌裕尔河中游依安水文站为研究对象,利用该站1957-1989年33年月、年时间尺度上的水沙数据,对黑土区河流泥沙输移特征进行了分析。研究认为,在月时间尺度上,水沙关系松散,径流量对泥沙量的决定系数为53.8%;年内月泥沙量存在着两个峰值,分别发生在春季的5月份和夏季的7月份,流域泥沙存在"存储-释放"的过程。流域泥沙量年际尺度差异大,受人类活动的影响,1957年以来,泥沙量和径流产沙能力呈现逐年增加的趋势。

Soil and water loss is a whole system composed of soil erosion,sediment transport and deposition.Study on sediment transport dynamics of black soil in Northeastern China can help us deeply understand soil erosion and sediment transport mechanism in black soil regions.Yian hydrologic station,located midstream Wuyuer River within typical black soil region,was selected to study sediment dynamics characteristics for black soil region based on the 33-year（1957-1989） runoff and sediment data at the monthly and yearly scales.The results showed that,at the monthly scale, the relationship between the runoff and sediment yield was large-scattered,and runoff yield could only have 0.538 determination coefficient for sediment yield,monthly sediment yield had two peak values occurred in May and July respectively,and sediment yield had a ＂restore-release＂ process.Yearly sediment yield capacity had a large difference and the suspended sediment concentration and sediment yield presented an increasing trend since 1957 due to the influence by intensive human activities.