作物产量和品质对钾镁肥增效配施的响应

Effectiveness of Combined Application for Potassium-magnesium Fertilizer on Crops

通过大田试验研究土壤微域钾镁肥不同配施对西北粮食作物、蔬菜以及果树产量的影响,分析了钾镁肥在西北不同作物的施用效果及最佳施肥量。大田试验结果发现,钾镁肥对粮食作物(小麦和玉米)有显著的增产作用,增施钾镁肥375kg/hm2,750kg/hm2和1125kg/hm2后小麦增产幅度分别为9.8%、22.6%和13.4%;增施钾镁肥750kg/hm2、1125kg/hm2和1500kg/hm2后玉米产量增产幅度分别为6.3%、13.1%和19.2%。钾镁肥对黄瓜有极显著的增产作用,增施钾镁肥、同当量钾的硫酸钾和硫酸镁混合肥、单质硫酸钾和单质硫酸镁均有增产效果,配施钾镁肥比施用单质硫酸钾或单质硫酸镁的增产效果好,增产幅度为41.0%,施用同当量钾的硫酸钾和硫酸镁混合肥、单质硫酸钾和单质硫酸镁增产幅度分别为23.2%、10.7%和6.4%。根据对黄瓜整个生育期的观察,施钾镁肥后,黄瓜叶色深绿、叶片大而厚且生育期延长,结瓜早且瓜直无畸形瓜。猕猴桃施用钾镁肥后,叶片基本转绿,果实无黄化,施钾镁肥2.0kg/棵可增产13.8%。

Focusing on the combined application of fertilizer in farmland for increase of crop yields and fertilizer use efficiency, we conducted a field experiment to study an effectiveness of combined application for potassium-magnesium fertilizer on different crops in Xi＇ an and analyzed an optimal application amount for different crops. The results showed that the combined application of potassium-magnesium fertilizer had significant effect on wheat, corn and cucumber. Crop yields of wheat increased by 9.8%, 22.6% and 13.4%after application of 375 kg/hm^2, 750 kg/hm^2 and 1125 kg/hm^2 potassium-magnesium fertilizer, crop yields of corn increased by 6.3%, 13.1% and 19.2% after application of 750 kg/hm^2, 1125 kg/hm^2 and 1500 kg/hm^2 potassium-magnesium fertilizer. Application of same quantity fertilizer from the different potassium-magnesium fertilizer varieties had significantly increased the yield of cucumber based on the same amount of N, P. Application of potassium-magnesium to cucumber had an significant increasing yield by 41.0 %. The yield of cucumber increased by 10.7%, 6.4% and 23.2% by application of only potassium sulfate of 437 kg/hm^2, magnesium sulfate of 360 kg/hm^2 and the combined application of potassium sulfate of 437 kg/hm^2 with magnesium sulfate of 360 kg/hm^2. The treatment with fertilizer of magnesium potassium sulfate provided higher yield and quality than that only with potassium sulfate. The yield of Kiwifruit increased by 13.8% after application with potassium-magnesium of 2.0 kg per plant. The relative fruit quality and number per plant was increased by the treatment with magnesium potassium sulfate.