废弃采石场植被自然恢复初期物种多样性的研究

Study on Plant Diversity at an Early Ecological Restoration Stage on an Abandoned Quarry

为了了解与掌握废弃采石场植被自然恢复的规律,笔者于2007年4月和8月2次对衡阳市肖家山废弃采石场及其周边荒山植物群落自然恢复的结构特征进行了调查研究。结果表明:(1)植被类型以灌草丛与草丛为主,灌木种类较为单一,共4科5属5种,草本群落物种组成较丰富,共计26科49属67种,各立地类型草本群落优势种差异不大;(2)该区域物种多样性总体较低,物种丰富度与多样性指数的大小顺序为:撂荒地>泥石堆>排土堆>山顶裸岩>乱石堆>道路边坡>采石作业区,而均匀度则刚好相反;(3)群落的共有种趋势与立地类型的土壤厚度呈正相关,土壤是植被恢复的主要限制因子。

In order to understand and master the principles of natural vegetation restoration on abandoned quarry, the plant community structures at an early natural recovery stage of vegetation were investigated on an abandoned quarry in Xiaojia Mount in April and August,2007. The results show that：（1）The main types of vegetaon in the area are shrub and herbage. The shrub species are rather simple, with only 4 families,5 genera and 5 species, but the herbage communities are much more abundant with 26 families,49 genera and 67 species in total. The dominant herbages species on each site type are similar to each other, with no distinct difference; （2）The species diversity is quite low in the area. As to the richness and diversity index, the results are： LH〉NS〉PT〉SL〉LS〉DL〉CS, but the evenness is contrary;（3）The same species in the plant communities show similar trend with the thickness of the soil in the site types. Soil is the main limiting factor to natural vegetation recovery.