美国学校体育伤害法律责任问题对中国的启示

The Inspiration from Issue of Legal Liability of School Sports Injures in America for China

通过案例分析对美国学校体育伤害法律责任问题进行研究,并揭示其对中国侵权立法的启示;指出教练和教师对学生运动员负有提供必要的监督、适当的指导和训练、适当的和可能的医疗帮助的责任;管理者和学校负有对体育活动提供监督和雇佣合格的工作人员、提供适当的医疗帮助、提供安全的装备等职责;如未能履行上述职责,则其应对学校体育伤害承担责任;学生伤害事故责任是一般过错责任,这样的规定有利于维护社会公共利益;学校体育运动的参与者和观众甘冒那些在体育活动中显而易见和可以预见的风险,但是并不甘冒学校及相关人员未能合理履行其职责导致的风险。

By case analysis, the author tends to study the issue of the legal liability of school sports injures in U. S. A and disclose its legislative suggestions for China＇s tort law. It is pointed out that the coaches and teachers have the liability to provide adequate supervision,guidance and training, to provide appropriate and possible medical assistance;that schools and the administrators are responsible for the supervision of athletic activities and for the employment of qualified personnel,the provision of proper medical assistance and safe sports equipment. If the above--mentioned liabilities are not fulfilled, they should bear the responsibility for school sports injuries. To define the liability of school sports injury as a kind of common slip is helpful for maintaining and protecting the social and public interest. The participants and audience of school sports activities may assume the risks that are obvious and foreseeable, but not the risks caused by negligence of duty by schools or related parties.