中国地方NGO生成机制的制度分析

The Generative Mechanism of the Local NGO in China from the Perspective of Institution

地方NGO作为一种具体制度安排,其生成机制主要是在外在制度环境的作用下,以潜在利益为基本诱因,外在制度需求与内在制度供给相互契合推进,从而激励地方公民合作创设NGO制度安排的复杂过程。这是中国地方NGO生成的简要逻辑。从制度需求与制度供给的视角分析,在中国地方NGO的生成机制中,国家与市场对NGO制度安排的供给、市民集体行动的理性选择、地方制度转型的适应性安排、地方政府之间的制度竞争、地方知识精英的主导性介入与网络等科学技术进步的推动是六个关键性因素。特别是国家与市场的博弈过程与中国地方NGO的发展壮大过程相伴相生。分析中国地方NGO的生成机制,可以窥见中国公民社会的生长与发展轨迹。

The generative mechanism of local NGO as a specific institutional arrangement is actually a complex process of the establishment of the NGO by the local citizens in cooperation, effected by the external institutional environment, motivated by the potential interests, and promoted by the integrated internal and external institutions. This is the brief generative process of the local NGO in China. Considering institutional demands and supplies, there are six key factors in the generative mechanism of local NGO in China, including institutional supplies for NGO by the state and the market, the rational choice of the citizens in collective support, sustainable measures by the local government in time of institutional transformation, institutional competition among local governments, participation of the local elites as leading force, promotion of technological progress like network. Particularly, the local NGO in China has been prosperous along with the game process between the state and the market. Research findings of the generative mechanism of local NGO in China will shed light on the developmental process of the civil society of China.