反讽的失落与张力的耗散——韩少功《报告政府》细读兼谈新批评的局限

The Loss of Irony and the Dissipation of Tensility: on the Localization of New Criticism with Baogao Zhengfu as Example

英美新批评是在五六十年代流行于西方文坛并在80年代登陆中国的一种重要的文学批评方法。但是新批评的细读更多适用于短篇叙事作品和诗歌散文,当它面对中长篇叙事作品时其有效性则会大打折扣。当我们以反讽为中心分析韩少功的中篇小说《报告政府》时,会发现这部小说的叙事风格前后变化很大,在结尾处甚至出现了反讽的失落与张力的耗散。但我们并不能据此说明这部小说是失败的作品,相反应当引起我们注意的是:中国叙事具有与西方文学不同的特质与传统,绝不能简单地用西方的小说理论来套用中国文学;中国文艺理论界应当创造自己的叙事理论与文学评论体系,而不应把中国文坛变成西方理论的实验场。

The new criticism is an important method of literary review,which comes to China in 1980s.However,this method is applicable with short story,poesy and essay.In the face of river novel,its validity maybe trail off.Now,when we use irony idea to analyze Baogao Zhengfu,we find that the narrate style changes finally,so it's obviously that the loss of irony and the dissipation of tensility finally.However,we can't say the fiction is unsuccessful,on the other side,we must take notice of the difference between Chinese narrative with western,also can't apply western method on Chinese works indiscriminately.Chinese academia should create our own system of literary review,and shouldn't turn Chinese literary world into the lab of western discuss.