“新城市主义”与“精明增长”理论进展与评述

A Review on the Study of New Urbanism and Smart Growth Theories

第二次世界大战后,美国城市向郊区的无序蔓延带来了许多负面影响。针对"城市蔓延"问题,"新城市主义"和"精明增长"理论应运而生。控制城市蔓延、实现紧凑式发展、采取公交导向的发展模式、设定城市增长边界是二者的理论共识,但这两种理论因对空间分布和种族问题以及对区域性的忽略而使其自身也存在不足。将这两种理论借鉴至中国,则体现为:强化城市土地的集约利用,倡导生态设计,倡导公交优先,提倡建立公众参与机制。

Urbanization in post WWll Amedca created urban sprawl and all of the negative effects and social problems associated with it. The theodes of New Urbanism and Smart Growth were developed in response to the ills of urban sprawl. Common principles in both theories include compact development, transit oriented development, and urban growth boundaries as remedies for urban sprawl. However, the theones are deficient in addressing spatial distribution, ethnic relationships, and regional issues. These two thanes are useful for promoting compact land use, ecological design, transit first development, and public participation.