德国行政型法院管理模式解析及其启示

Analysis and Revelations on Management Mode of German Administrative Court

德国属行政型法院管理模式。五个横向分权和纵向集权的法院系统与联邦、州司法部相对分权的法院外部管理结构互相作用,以维护法院整体独立,保证国家法制统一。法院内部审判事务完全由法官掌控,法院内部管理事务则由行政部门决策和执行。法院内部的双重组织属性和二元异质性结构,有利于法官个体独立,以实现司法公正。有鉴于此,我国司法改革的方向是:继续强化最高人民法院的司法行政事务管理决策权,以构建有利于法院整体独立的法院管理体制;建立法官自律标准及同业集体监督控制的法官委员会制度;再造我国法院的审判和管理制度;确立双重组织属性,并建立异构性的内部权力配置结构。

The management mode of German court is an administrative court management mode. The five horizontal separation of powers and vertical centralized systems interact with the external management structure of relative powers of the federal court system and the State Ministry of Justice of the Court and safeguard the independence of the court as a whole to maintain the national legal system＇s unification. Internal judicial affairs of the court are in the full control of judges and the executive branch decides and carries out the internal management af- fairs of the court,which helps individual judges enhance their independence in order to achieve justice. China＇s judicial reform should continue to strengthen the decision-making power of judicial administration affairs to build a court management system which helps establish an independent court , self-imposed standards of judges and a system of the judge commission with peer group supervision so as to rebuild the internal power allocation structure of dual heterogeneous nature with distinction between court trial and court management.