国际金融危机对主要石油出口国的影响及其对策

Impact of the international financial crisis on major oil exporters and their responses

主要石油出口国与国际金融市场存在密不可分的联系。石油出口国通过石油出口积累的石油美元,一方面逐步建立起独立自主完整的国民经济体系,另一方面为繁荣国际金融市场和世界经济提供资金支持。国际金融危机对俄罗斯、中东、拉美、非洲等主要石油出口国和地区的经济、财政、对外贸易等产生了重大影响,造成这些国家的货币贬值,石油贸易收入减少,项目投资缩减,经济增长减速。俄罗斯应对金融危机的措施主要包括:救助银行体系,稳定汇率吸引外资,向实体经济投资,以减税、国家贷款援助等方式帮助能源企业缓解资金压力,适度救助股市和楼市等。中东、拉美、非洲地区各产油国除了从金融、外汇、货币政策等方面采取一系列应对措施以外,更多地强调加强地区合作,共同应对危机。主要石油出口国实施的一系列措施,有助于减轻国际金融危机带来的不利影响,对稳定国际金融和世界经济发挥了积极的作用。

The major oil exporters are inextricably entwined with the international financial market.For these nations,the petrodollars accumulated through oil exports have gradually given rise to solid and independent national economies;meanwhile,they funded a flourishing global financial market and world economy.The international financial crisis has had a tremendous economic,financial and trade impact on the major oil exporting countries and regions such as Russia,the Middle East,Latin America and Africa,leading to currency depreciation,dwindling oil trade revenues,shrinking investment and slowing economic growth.Russia has responded to the crisis by assisting the banking system,stabilizing exchange rates to attract foreign capital,investing in the real economy,easing the pressure on energy corporations with tax breaks and government loans,and providing necessary support for the stock and real estate markets.Oil-rich nations in the Middle East,Latin America and Africa have responded with a series of finance,exchange rate and currency measures;meanwhile,they are also focusing more heavily on regional cooperation.The measures being taken by these major oil exporters will help lessen the impact of the crisis and play a positive role in stabilizing international finance and the world economy.