对狭义相对论的研究和讨论

Study on the Special Relativity

本文提供了相对论发生、发展的背景。物理学定律之一的相对性原理从任意惯性系看来的一致性最先由H.Poincar埁推介,而Lorentz变换(LT)体现该原理,但H.Lorentz于1904年发表的相对性思想是在以太存在性之下得出的。1905年Einstein发表了著名论文,其中有一个公设——光速不变性原理,由此认为不需要以太,亦即用不着一个优先的参考系。后来的讨论总包含下述问题:Einstein的狭义相对论(SR)和改进的Lorentz理论(MOL),哪个更好地描述自然界?这两者的主要区别在于,SR认为所有惯性系都是平权、等效的,而MOL认为存在优先的参考系。多年来的众多研究讨论显示,SR存在逻辑上的不自洽,亦缺少真正确定的实验证实。由此可以理解欧洲核子中心(CERN)的著名科学家John Bell在1985年所说的话:"我想回到Einstein之前,即Pioncar埁和Lorentz"。值得注意的是,SR无法解释近年来出现的研究成果——引力传播超光速和量子纠缠态传播超光速,而MOL却能解释。本文强调讨论科学问题必须冷静客观、实事求是;认为相对论体系面临重大变革,而来自各方面的力量正在推动这一变革。

A brief overview of the history of relativity will provide useful back-ground for this paper. The principle of relativition, that the law of physics should the same as viewed from any inertial frame, was popularized by H. Poincare, the Lorentz transformation （LT）embody that principle, when H. Lorentz adopted them for his own theory of relativity, first published in 1904 in an ether existence. In 1905, A. Einstein published his famous paper, that the speed of light will be locally the same for all observers regardless of their own state of motion, this did away with the need of ether, i. e. a preferred frame of reference. The ensuring years saw much diseussion of whether nature was more like Einstein＇ s special relativity （SR） or modified-theory of Lorentz （MOL）, the prineipal differenees between the two relativity theories stem from the equivalenee of all inertial frames in SR, and the existence of a preferred frame in MOL. From the more discussions of view, SR is logically ineonsistent, also does not have sure experimental evidence. Therefore, in 1985 the famous scientist of CERN, John Bell said： ＂I hope return the states before Einstein, i.e. return to Poineare and Lorentz＂. The MOL can explain the faster-than-light phenomana, but the SR can＇t.In this article, we say that scientific discussion is must progressing calmly and based on facts. Now, the theoretical system of Relativity be faced with a serious change ; the forces of many scientists push forward this change from all directions.