北极地区区域经济特征研究

Study on the economic status of the Arctic states and its Characteristics

以环北极国家的北极行政区域为统计范围,利用环北极国家2001年和2005年的官方经济统计数据,对北极地区的经济状况、资源潜力和发展趋势作了统计和初步分析,结果表明:(1) 2005年,北极地区国内生产总值(GDP)为2322亿美元,比2001年的1194亿美元几乎翻了一倍。相对于北美、北欧、俄罗斯其他地区,环北极国家的北极地区GDP对于全国的贡献不大,大部分不到1/10。(2)大部分北极地区以油气、矿物、木材、捕鱼等自然资源开采为第一经济支柱产业:在为数不多的民族自治区或原住民居住地区保留了采撷、狩猎、毛皮加工等传统农业;金融、贸易、旅游等服务业在北欧和北美的少数北极地区有所发展。

The statistics on the economic status, the potential resource and the economic development in the northern districts of the Arctic states （ Arctic Eight,A8 ） in 2001 and 2005, have been compared and analyzed in general. The result shows that （1）In 2005,the GDP of A8 is 232.2 billion US dollars,nearly twice as the 119.4 billion US dollars in 2001. But the contribution rate of their own northern regions to each Arctic state＇s GDP almost is relatively low, less than 10 percent, compared with the contribution rates of their other regions.（2）The resource exploitation of oil and gas, mineral resource, timber and fish is the first economic mainstay in the majority of the Arctic states, meanwhile the traditional agriculture, such as collecting, hunting, fur making or feather making, still exists in some autonomic regions of minority or indigenous inhabitants. In addition, the service industry such as finance, trade and tourism, is gradually growing only in several regions of the North European Arctic and North Amecican Arctic.