成都平原土壤重金属区域分布特征及其污染评价

REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION AND POLLUTION EVALUATION OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN TOPSOILS OF THE CHENGDU PLAIN

GPS野外定点调查取样197个,用于成都平原农田土壤重金属Cd、Pb、Cr、Hg的空间分布特征及其污染评价研究。与20年前土壤普查结果相比,广汉、新都、邛崃土壤Cd含量上升最为明显,分别增加了1、1.3和2倍;Pb则以新津、德阳、广汉、新都增加最多,达1.1～3.3倍;Cr、Hg含量变化不大。Kriging空间插值分析表明,除Cd含量表现为东北-西南向逐渐降低外,其余元素的空间变化特征不明显,但表现出明显的区域性。应用地质累积指数法进行土壤重金属污染评价的结果表明,近50%的土壤Pb、Cd含量受到人为活动的影响,以Pb最为明显。Pb污染级别为1～4级,重点污染区域为新都、广汉、新津、德阳等地;Cd污染级别虽小(1～2级),但污染范围较大,主要分布在新都、德阳、广汉、双流、新津、彭州等地;仅有少部分样点受到Cr、Hg污染。

197 farm field samples were designated by GPS and the spatial distribution characteristic and pollution evaluation of Cd, Pb, Cr and Hg in the soils were studied. Compared to the background investigated 20 years ago, the content of Cd in Guanghan, Xindu, Qionglai increased 1, 1.26 and 2 times; respectively; and the content of Pb in Xinjin, Deyang, Guanghan, Xindu increased 1.1 to 3.3 times. However, the content of Cr and Hg in most regions changed much smaller. The results of Kriging interpolation analysis of the heavy metals showed that the content of Cd was grandly decreased followed with the direction from northeast to southwest, the content of other elements exhibited the regional characteristics. The geo-accumulation index was used to evaluate the heavy metals pollution and results indicated that nearly 50% of the soils was polluted by Pb and Cd in different degrees influenced by men activities. With the key contaminated area of Xindu, Guanghan, Xinjing, Deyang the pollution ranks of Pb in soils was in 1 to 4. The Cd pollution although small, but still ranks in 1 to 2 level, the pollution area was bigger, mainly distributed in Xindu, Deyang, Guanghan, Shuangliu, Xinjing, Pengzhou. Only a small number of samples was contaminated by Cr or Hg.