浅海原油净化过程的模拟实验──悬浮物对油的吸附作用

STUDY OF CRUDE OIL PURIFICATION IN SHALLOW SEA AREAS──THE ADSORPTION OF DISPERSED CRUDE OLL BY SUSPENDED MATERIAL

1989年3—7月在实验室内采用模拟实验的方法进行黄河口悬浮泥沙对胜利油田的河口油和东营油吸附作用的研究。结果表明，在一定温度下悬浮物对油的吸附符合Freundlich关系式：分配系数（Kd）和最大吸附量（Qm）随海水温度、盐度及颗粒物粒径的增大而降低，并且东管油的分配系数和最大吸附量大于河口油。黄河口悬浮泥沙对两种油的吸附作用主要是物理吸附，吸附热约为-8．6－34kJ／mol。实验结果同时表明，悬浮泥沙对油的吸附速率比较快，在20min左右即可达到吸附平衡。

In order to understand the adsorptive purification process by the suspended material todeal with oil spill events in seawater, indoor simulation experiments using the suspened sediment ofthe Huanghe fover Estuary and Hekou and Dongying Crude Oils in different salinities andtemperatures of seawater were conducted during March-July, 1989. The results are as follows.1. The adsorption of the oil by suspended material in certain temperabe is in accordance withthe Freundiich emprical equation: Qp = Kd. On the basis of the experimental data, a linerrelationship exists between Qr and Cw, i.e. 1 / n = 1. Hence, the above equation can be written as Qp= Kp. Cw. Here, Qp is the content of the oil adsorbed by the suspended material and Cw is theconcentration of the oil in the water during adsorption equilibrium. The distribution coefficient (Kp)decreases if salinity and temperature of water increase, and if the granulallty of the suspendedmaterial increases.2. The adsorption by the suspended material of the Huanghe fover Estuary belongs to physicaladsorphon. The adsorptive heat can be calculated from the equation: lnKp=B where △H is theadsorptive heat T(°K) is the temperature of the adsorption, and R B are contants. △H and B canbe calculted from the regression of leq and 1 /T ，the result shows tha △H - 8.6- 34kJ / mol.3. The maximum adsorption amount can be written as: Qm = B0 + B1. T+ B2. S, here, B is aconstant. The result shows that Qm decreases if the salinity and temperature of the water increases.4. The dynamics can be expressed as: Oil + Susp Oil. Susp. The adsorptive rate canbe written approximately as: the amount of oil adsorptionby the particles measared at C Here, Qt and k is the adsorptive rate coefficient. It is shown that theadsorption of the dispersed crud oil by suspended material is rapid and the equilibrium time isaround 20 minutes; this process will be more rapid when temperature rises.