离子水合力与电荷号大小的顾函数标度

GU′S FUNCTION SCALE OF ION HYDRATION FORCE AND CHARGE SIZE

“水汽化学”这一门新科学已由顾宏堪实验室通过超痕量分析发现并创立。顾函数表明，水蒸发为水汽时携带的痕量金属离子的浓度，正相关于比电子亲和常数Iz／Z,负相关于离子体积V和配位数N。而这一键参数函数相当于量子力学Schrodinger方程中的电子位函数。同为正二价的不同离子，水一汽转移的浓度可以有较大的差异，表明不同的正二价离子与水的引力（水合力）有所不同，此差别可通过顾函数以相对能量值或“＋”号的大小标出。

Water Vapor Chemistry' as a new science has been developed on the basis of ultratrace analysis in our laboratory. Gu's Function, which is derived from the analysis, shows tha thetrate metal ion concentration taking by the water vapor evaporated from warer is positively coerelatodto 'specific electron affinity constant' i.e. the ratio of the last ionization potential Iz to the ionvalence Z; it is negatively correlated to the ion volum V and coordination number N Gu′sFunction C = f [(Iz/ Z) / VN] for a bond parameter in water vapor chendstry coeresponds to thepotential energy function Z′ e2 / r in the Schrodinger Equation in quantum chemistry. For differentions with the same 2 + charge, the ion concentration of water - water vapor transference can behighly different indication tha the 2 + charge of different ions is associated with different attractiveforees (hydration forees). These different attretive forees of charge can be scaled with the relativeenergy or charge size using Gu′s Function.The ionization potential (Iz) and the nucleus+ - e attractive foree (- Z′ e2) actually show thesame type of foree. Different atmps have their different nucleus+ - e- attractive forees andionization potenhals. When different atoms lose their electrons, their ion charge' +' energies fromthe nucleus -attractive foree are different such a difference can be expressed quantitatively bydifferent sizes of the ' +' charges. Since the ' +' attractive foree of the ion charge ' +' is fromthe atomc nucleus, the ion '+' attractive foree is relared to the atomic number. It is also the casein the ion charge -. These are all associated with the attactive foree and the problem of thebalance between proton and electron in the atofll and ion.The mean ion concendon for a homogeneous distribution and constan transfer are: Zn2+, 5.0,Cd2+,0.080; Pb2+, 0-030; Cu2+, 0.70; Bi3+, 0.18; Sn4+, 0.99μg / L (± 30%). The samples foranalysis consisted of the Qinghai - Tibet plareaus snow water, the Changjiang River water, theHuanghe River water, the China Seas water, the Pacific water and the Antarctic and Arctic polarwater and snow. The natural pattems are consistent with the sea - vapor transfer model.