江门市17201名学龄前儿童屈光不正性弱视普查

The screening of ametropic amblyopia among 17201 pre-school children in Jiangmen City

目的探讨学龄前儿童屈光不正性弱视的患病率以及与屈光不正的关系等。方法对广东省江门市10所幼儿园17201名学龄前儿童进行了视力普查、医学验光及屈光状态的调查等,分析视力异常儿童的屈光状态。结果在17201名学龄前儿童中,视力低常率15.44%。弱视患病率为2.96%,以3～4岁组视力低常率和弱视患病率为最高,分别为19.28%和4.16%。6岁以上组视力低常率最低,为13.35%,5～6岁组弱视患病率最低,为2.45%。远视患病率为79.59%,随着年龄增长,远视发病率渐趋降低。近视患病率为2.05%,随着年龄的增长,近视患病率逐渐增加,3岁儿童近视患病率为1.83%,6岁为4.35%。散光患病率为58.00%,各年龄组散光患病率较为稳定。屈光不正性弱视以轻中度居多,引起弱视的最小远视度为+1.75D,近视为-3.25D,散光为1.0D。屈光参差性弱视的球镜最小差值为1.25D,柱镜最小差值为0.75D。但也有个例近视性屈光参差达6.75D,远视性屈光参差达3.00D也未形成弱视。结论视力低常率15.44%。弱视患病率为2.96%,随着年龄增长,远视患病率逐渐降低,近视患病率逐渐增加,散光则较稳定。屈光不正性弱视以轻中度居多,多为远视和散光引起。导致弱视的最小远视度为+1.75D,近视为-3.25D,散光为1.0D。屈光参差球镜最小差值为1.25D,柱镜最小差值为0.75D。

Objective To investigate the rehtionship between the incidence of ametropic amblyopia and ametropia among pre-school children. Methods To analyze children＇s abnormal refractive status by performing vision screening, medical optometry to 17,201 pre-school children from 10 kindergartens in Jiangmen city Guangdong province. Results Among 17,201 pre-school children, the rate of abnormal vision acuity is 15.44%. The incidence of amblyopia is 2.96%. Age group 3 -4 years old has the highest abnormal vision acuity rate and the incidence of amblyopia, respectively 19.28% and 4.16%. Age group above 6 years old has the lowest abnormal vision acuity rate, which is 13.35%. The incidence of amblyopia is lowest in age group 5 - 6 years old, which is 2.45%. The incidence of hyperopia is 79.59%. With the increase of age, it decreases gradually. The incidence of myopia is 2.05%, which increases gradually with the increase of age. While it is 1.83% among 3 year-old children, it grows into 4.35% among 6 year-old children. The incidence of astigmatism is 2.%00%, which is quite stable among different age groups. The degree of ametropic amblyopia varies from mild to moderate. The minimum refractive power causing amblyopia is ＋ 1.75D of hyperopia, -3.25D of myopia and 1.0D of astigmatism. The minimum refractive power causing anisometropic amblyopia is 1.25D difference of the two eyes in spherical lens, 0.75D difference of the two eyes in column lens with exceptional cases in which the difference of myopic anisometropia is 6.75D and hyperopic anisometropia is 3.00D. Conclusion The abnormal vision acuity rate is 15.44%. The incidence of amblyopia is 2.96%. With the increase of age, the incidence of hyperopia decreases and the incidence of myopia increases while the incidence of astigmatism is quite stable. The degree of ametropic amblyopia varies from mild to moderate, mostly caused by hperopia and astigmatism. The minimum refractive power causing amblyopia is ＋ 1.75D hyperopia, -3.25D myopia and 1.0D astigmatism. The minimum refractive power causing anisometropic amblyopia is 1.25D in spherical lens and 0.75D in column lens.