重复呈现情绪面孔对抑郁症状大学生注意偏向的影响

Effects of repeatedly exposed emotional faces on attentional bias of university students with high depression ratings

目的探讨抑郁症状大学生对重复呈现的情绪面孔是否存在注意偏向。方法以贝克抑郁量表(Beck depression inventory,BDI)和自评抑郁量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)为工具,从1000余名青年大学生中随机筛选出正常被试(n=20,正常对照组)、抑郁低分被试(n=20,抑郁低分组)和抑郁高分被试(n=20,抑郁高分组)。从中科院心理研究所制作的真人情绪面孔中选取26组配对照片(中性面孔和悲伤面孔),分别呈现给各组被试,进行点探测任务的行为学实验。情绪面孔共重复呈现了4次。每次呈现之后,测量被试者对情绪面孔的反应时间和正确率。数据用SPSS12.0进行统计分析。结果①抑郁低分组、抑郁高分组与正常对照组之间在点探测任务正确率上没有显著差异;②抑郁高分被试在第4次呈现情绪面孔的平均反应时间明显低于第1次呈现的平均反应时间(P<0.01),而其他各组与呈现的次数间无显著差异(P>0.05);③与正常组相比,抑郁高分组对悲伤图片有较高的平均注意偏向分值,表现出明显的主效应(P<0.05)。情绪面孔图片呈现次数也表现出明显的主效应(P<0.05)。在图片类型×呈现次数×组别之间存在明显的交互作用(P<0.05)。结论抑郁高分个体对首次呈现的负性面孔出现注意偏向,4次呈现负性刺激能改变青年抑郁高分被试的注意偏向。

Objective To investigate whether individuals with a high depression rating retain attentional bias towards negative emotional pictures when such pictures are repeatedly presented. Methods Subjects being rated high （n = 20） and low （n = 20） on Beck depression inventory （BDI） and self-rating depression scale （SDS）, and 20 normal subjects participated in a forced-choice reaction time version of a modified dot- probe task. Picture pairs （negative and neutral emotional pictures） were presented in 4 exposure blocks. On each exposure, the attentional bias to the pictures pairs was measured. Results （1） No significant difference was found in the accuracy among the 3 groups; （2） The subjects with high depressive scores had significantly shorter average reaction time （RT） in the fourth exposure than in the first exposure （P 〈 0.01 ）, while no significant difference was found between groups and exposures （ P 〉 0.05 ） ; （ 3 ） Compared with the normal controls, subjects with high depressive scores showed more selective attention to the negative emotional pictures and had significant main effect （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The exposures of the emotional faces also showed main effect （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Obvious interactions were found among the picture types, exposures, and groups （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclu- sion Subjects with high depressive scores show attentional bias to the first exposure of negative emotional faces. However, on the fourth block, the attentional bias to negative emotional pictures disappears.