中古社会的容止观与士人服石之风

The Fashion of Bearing View and Scholars' Taking Wu Shisan in Middle Ages

士人服石之风曾是汉末魏晋南北朝人们精神自由、个性解放的一种象征。然士人服石与中古社会的容止观,其中特别是人物审美日益趋向病态化或女性化有关。由于这种容止观影响到了当时的选官择仕标准,使得许多士族人物通过"服石"这一极端方式来"改容姿",从而造成了士人服石之风。

In order to pursue the spiritual freedom and emancipation of individuality, it became the phenomenon for the scholars in the End of Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties and also in the Southern and Northern Dynasties to take Wu Shisan （ a kind of Chinese medicine with addictive nature. After taking it, the skin is very tender and very bright. Therefore, it was considered, at that time, a kind of rejuvenated and immortality medicine. However, this kind of phenomenon is connected with the people＇s bearing view in Middle Ages, especially with the morbid state and feminization tends of character esthetic day after day. Because this kind of bearing view has affected the standard of choosing officials at that time, many scholars adopted the violent way of taking Wu Shisan to improve their appearances and demeanors, thus causing the fashion of scholars＇ taking Wu Shisan.