地表水资源空间配置的权重缺水率法研究

Study on the weight water shortage rate method of space allocation of surface water resources

为了在水资源空间配置过程中体现用户公平和避免"平均主义",结合权重和缺水率2项因子提出需水单元权重缺水率的概念,并以各需水单元权重缺水率相等且最小为优化目标分别建立了不考虑回水时的权重缺水率分水模型和考虑回水时的权重缺水率分水模型,使得水资源空间配置更合理。模型中引入需水权重因子,以综合反映需水单元的重要性、需水的迫切性、用水效益以及缺水导致的负面影响,同时,在分水过程中充分利用各上游需水单元排向下游的回水量,大幅度降低了各需水单元的缺水率。

In order to enhance user fairness and avoid equalitarianism in the process of space allocation of surface water resources, the concept of the weight water-shortage rate of water-demanding units is put forward. It is based on weight and water shortage. By assuming the weight water-shortage rate of each water-demanding unit to be equal and minimizing the optimization goal, the water diversion models of the weight water-shortage rate with or without consideration d the backwater are established, making the space allocation of water resonurces more reasonable. The water-demanding weight factor is introduced to comprehensively reflect the importance of the water-demanding unit, the water-demanding urgency, the water benefit and the negative influence of water shortage. In the process of water diversion, the backwater of water-demanding units upstream is fully used, which gready decreases the water shortage rate of each water-demanding unit.