舞阳贾湖遗址生产工具及其所反映的经济形态分析

On Instruments of Production and Economic Structure of Jiahu Site in Wuyang

贾湖遗址是我国新石器时代前期的重要遗址,发掘者将其分为三期,距今7500～9000年。本文从分析一期至三期石、骨、陶质生产工具组合、数量及变化入手,结合动植物遗存,对其经济形态的组成结构及其变化趋势进行了讨论,认为一期、二期是以狩猎、捕捞业为主,农业为辅的经济类型;到了三期,农业有了相当的发展,所占比例超过狩猎、捕捞业。生产工具的总量、动物遗骸、植物遗存综合分析结果显示,贾湖遗址的经济形态是以渔猎采集为主,农业种植、家畜饲养为辅的广谱性经济,但农业经济所占比重呈逐渐增加的趋势。

Jiahu site is one of the most important sites at early Neolithic Age in China, and divided into the three phases which dated from about 7500 -9000 years ago. This paper analyzes the assemblage, number and changes of stone, bone and pottery tools of three phases, combining the remains of animals and plants, discusses the economic structure and its changing tendency in three phases. The economic structure which hunting and fishing was primary, and agriculture was subordinate in the first and second phases, but in the third phase agriculture further developed and its proportion exceeded hunting and fishing. According to the number of tools, animal and plants remains and flotation results, the economic structure of Jiahu site was broad - spectrum that fishing and hunting should be primary while agriculture and animal husbandry should be complementary, however the agriculture proportion increased rapidly.