职业紧张与生活压力对铁路女工月经的影响

Effects of Work Stress and Family Stress on Menses in Female Railway Workers

[目的]探讨职业紧张与生活压力对铁路女工月经的影响。[方法]应用具有较好信度和效度的付出-回报失衡量表和短版本生活压力量表评价1679名铁路女工职业紧张和生活压力状况,并通过体检获得女工月经情况。以EpiDate 3.1建立数据库,采用SPSS 13.0进行数据分析。[结果]1679名女职工中总月经异常为768人,占45.74%。相对于最低职业紧张组,最高职业紧张组的月经异常率较高(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.11￣2.43);而相对于最低生活压力组,较高生活压力和最高生活压力月经异常率较高(OR=1.28,95%CI:1.04￣2.29;OR=1.60,95%CI:1.16￣2.40)。综合两者的作用,相对于低职业紧张-低生活压力而言,低职业紧张-高生活压力、高职业紧张-高生活压力可能与月经异常相关(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.12￣2.37;OR=1.76,95%CI:1.23￣2.58);尤其是高职业紧张-高生活压力可能对痛经有影响(OR=1.39,95%CI:1.10￣2.12)。[结论]职业紧张与生活压力都可能是铁路女工月经异常的重要危险因素。因此,应针对具体情况,采取相应的干预措施,促进职业女性的身心健康。

[Objective] To explore the effects of work stress and family stress on menses in female railway workers.[Methods] The validated Chinese version of Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire and Family Stress Scale were used respectively to measure work stress and family stress of the workers, and their menstrual situations were evaluated with gynecologic interview in a sample including 1679 female railway workers. The dataset was built with EpiData 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS 13.0. [Results] Total of 768 female workers were found to suffer with menstrual disorders, accounting for 45.74%. Compared with lowest work stress group, the highest-level work stress group showed that the rate of abnormal menstruation was higher（ 0R=1.45, 95%CI：1.11-2.43 ）; Compared with lowest family stress group, the higher-level and highest-level family stress groups showed that the abnormal rations of menstrual disorders were higher（ OR=1.28, 95%CI：1.04-2.29; and OR=1.60, 95%CI： 1.16-2.40 respectively ）. Considered both family and work stress, compared with low family and the groups of low work stress, low work stress-high family stress and high work stress-high family stress might associated with menstrual disorders （ OR=1.38, 95%CI： 1.12-2.37; and OR=1.76, 95%CI： 1.23-2.58 respectively ）. Particularly, high work stress-high family stress might have impact on dysmenorrhea （ OR=1.39, 95%CI：1.10-2.12 ）. [ Conclusion ] Work stress and family stress might be the important risk factors of menstrual disorders in female railway workers, the relevant intervention measures are needed for improving women＇ s working and health conditions.