氯乙烯接触工人的染色体损伤状况及其影响因素

3 Years' Follow-up on Chromosomal Damage of Chinese Workers Exposed to Vinyl Chloride

[目的]3年随访观察氯乙烯接触工人的染色体损伤状况,并探讨其与性别、年龄、氯乙烯暴露时间、吸烟、饮酒、氯乙烯代谢酶多态等因素间的关系。[方法]从2004年4月至2007年4月对某化工厂77名氯乙烯接触工人进行随访,采用外周血淋巴细胞胞质分裂阻滞微核(CBMN)试验检测染色体损伤状况,比较3年内微核细胞率变化情况;采用PCR-RFLP法检测CYP2E1、CYP2D6基因多态;采用PCR法检测GSTT1、GSTM1基因缺失情况。[结果]2007年所检测的微核细胞率高于2004年,两者相差3.63‰(P<0.05);多因素Poisson回归分析表明,微核细胞率有随工龄的延长而升高的趋势,CYP2E1(CG/CC)基因型和CYP2D6(CG/GG)基因型为危险因素,两者的相对危险度(frequency ratio,FR)分别为1.29(95%CI:1.02￣1.63)和1.40(95%CI:1.12￣1.77);未见GSTT1和GSTM1基因型对微核细胞率变化有明显影响。[结论]氯乙烯作业工龄、CYP2E1和CYP2D6基因等因素与氯乙烯致染色体损伤进程有关。

[Objective] To explore the progress of chromosomal damage in Chinese workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer（VCM）and its influencing factors （ gender, exposure duration, smoking, drinking and genetic polymorphisms in VCM metabolizing enzymes） in 3 years follow up.[Methods] Cytokinesis-block micronucleus （ CBMN ） test was performed to detect chromosomal damage in peripheral lymphocytes of 77 VCM-exposed workers followed up from April, 2004 to April, 2007. Genotype of CYP2E1 and CYP2D6 were identified by the PCR-RFLP, and null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 were detected by PCR. [Results]The micronucleus（ MN ）rates detected in 2007 were 3.63‰ higher than those in 2004（ P 〈 0.05 ）. Women had 1.43 times MN rates higher than men, and the frequency ratio （ FR ）was 1.43 （ 95%CI： 1.04-1.98, P=0.03）. The change of MN rates showed a rising tendency with the increase exposure duration. The genotypes of CYP2E1 （CG/CC）and CYP2D6（ CG/GG ） were significantly associated with the increasing of chromosomal damage, and their risks（FR）were 1.29（ 95%CI： 1.02-1.63 ）and 1.40（ 95%CI： 1.12-1.77）, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the positive and the null of GSTT1 and GSTM1.[Conclusion] The VCM exposure duration and the polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and CYP2D6 may be associated with the susceptibility of chromosomal damage induced by VCM.