从汶川地震灾区疾病谱构成规律分析医疗救援队的组配变化

Change of disease spectrum and personnel organization of medical rescue team in earthquake-stricken areas： experience in Wenchuan Earthquake

“5·12”四川汶川地震发生后，海军总医院即派出医疗队前往灾区，人员以外科，尤其是骨科医生为主，物资配备以清创包，夹板，和抗生素、麻醉药、止痛药等药品为主。灾区疾病谱随时间变化，灾后1周内疾病构成以骨折等外伤为主，之后内科类疾病在疾病谱中所占比例明显上升。罹病率居前的疾病为：呼吸道感染（35．3％），外伤（19．5％），急性胃肠炎（10．9％）和皮炎（9．3％）。1周后需要增加呼吸科、消化科、皮肤科、儿科等专科医生和心理、防疫方面的医务人员，需要增加常见内科疾病药物的配备。

After the Wenchuan Earthquake, the Naval General Hospital dispatched its medical rescue teams composed mainly of surgeons, especially orthopedists, to the earthquake-stricken areas immediately. The equipments they carried included mainly debridement kits, splinters, antibiotics, anesthetics, and analgesics, etc. The disease spectrum in the earthquake-stricken areas changed along with time. Within 1 week after the earthquake, surgical diseases, such as fractures, were the dominant diseases. And then the proportions of internal diseases gradually increased. The diseases with high prevalence rates included respiratory infection （35.3%）, trauma （19.5%）, acute gastroenteritis （10.9%）, and dermatitis （9.3%）. One week after the earthquake more physicians of the departments of respiratory diseases, gastroenterology, dermatology, and pediatrics and medical workers engaged in psychological treatment and epidemic prevention became in need. And more drugs to treat internal diseases should be supplied.