隋唐时期气候冷暖特征与气候波动

FLUCTUATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE OF SUI-TANG TIMES IN CHINA

本文依据物候、动物分布、孢粉、雪线和海平面等相关资料，对隋唐时期气候冷暖特征进行了深入研究，重新肯定了竺可桢关于中国近5000年来气候变迁研究的基本结论，并对隋唐温暖期的起讫时代作了修正。在此基础上，对这一时期气候波动状况也作了相应探讨。结果表明，隋唐时期气候冷暖特征是以温暖为主，如与现代气候相比较，则当时年平均温度高1℃左右，气候带的纬度北移1°左右。包括南北朝晚期、五代、北宋中前期在内的隋唐温暖期（550～1050年）存在由温暖－寒冷－温暖的气候波动，其中的寒冷期持续时间约为150年左右（800～950年），第1个温暖期（550－800年）和第2个温暖期（950－1050年）则分别为250年和100年左右。这一现象反映了在持续时间约500年的隋唐温暖期中有渐趋寒冷的趋势，而这正与中国近5000年来气候总体上由暖转寒的趋势相吻合。

At the beginning of 1970' s, professor Zhu Kezhen put forward firstly the basiccharacteristics and the pattern of four warmer periods and four colder periods ofrecent 5 000 years climate changes in China, based on archasological malarials,phenological means, and local records references. The achievement of professor ZhuKezhen has been accepted extensively by climatic researchers and historical geographers.In recent years, many scholars query the validity of professor Zhu's view becauseof the discovery of new materials and the improvement of analyzing and researchingmethods. And many revised patterns of recent 5 000 years climate changes have beenset up. Furthermore, a few researchers raised objections to the general view of warmperiod of Sui-Tang bines. Because of the importance of Sui-Tang bines, studyingcharacteristics of climate change in Sin-Tang bines influence on the reconstruction ofthe climate change patterns of recent 5 000 years in China. and on the predictingabout climate change trends in China. So, it is very necessary to do further analyzingand studying on climate changes of Sin-Tang times.Based on the relevent materials, such as phenological phenomena distribution ofanimals, spore and Pollen, snow line, and sea level, this paper confirmed professorZhu Kezhen's result of the recent 5 000 years climate changes in China. During TangDynasty, plum trees were planted in Chang'an imperial palace, in Qujiangchi whichlocated in the south suburb, and in whole Guanzhong Regions, besides, tangerne beeswere growing well and bearing fruits in Chang'an Imperial palace, all of above provedthat the climate in those times was warmer than present From the later of Northernand Southern Dynasties to the beginning of Northern Song Dynasty, wild elephantsappeared frequently in the north of the Huaihe River and the north of Yangtze River,these appearances proved that the climate zone moved northwards in those times.Furthermore, a lot of fasts, such as the composition of spore and pollen in the sectionin southern Liaoning Province, the retention of snow variation of ixancangshanMountain which located Dali region, Yunnan Province, and the sea level Changes inthe east coastal areas of Chinal, demonstrated the existence of warm periods inSui-Tang bines. The conclusion is that the climate zone in Sui-Tang bines wereabout one latitude South with respect to that of presentAmong the climate pattern of professor Zhu Kezhen, the third warm periodlasted for 400 years from 600 A.D. to 1000 A.D. After studying on related historicalmaterials and references, the view of authors is that the third warm period lasted for500 years, the later limit was approximately 1050 A.D. and the upper limit was in550 A.D. or so. Obviously, the result of thes paper differs from that of professor ZhuKezhen, the warm period was longer about one century than that of professor ZhuKezhen. The whole warm period includes the farer bines of Northern and SouthernDynasties, Sui-Tang bines, the Five Dynasties, and the former-middle times ofNorthern Song Dynasty, etc.The main characteristics of the warm period were warm, however, climatetluctuation was clearly existed, which could be divided into one cold sub-period andtwo warm sub-periods. The colder one was from 800 A.D. to 950 A.D. in which thetemperature was nearly equal or little lower than modem bines. The first warmsub-period lasted about 250 years from 550 A.D. to 800 A.D. that was longer thanthe second one. While the second warm sub-period lasted 100 years or so from 950A. D. to 1050 A. D. Characteristics of climate fluctuation described above wereidentical to the pattern of recent 5 000 years climate change, from warm to cold inChina.The pattern of four warm periods and four cold periods of recent 5 000 yearsclimate change in China, which was put forward by professor Zhu Kezhen revealedclimate change situation basically. And the existing of climate fluctuation duringSin-Tang win period indicated that colder sub-period generally existed in warmperiod,i.e. climate fluctuation maybe exist during other warm periods. Fr