《罪与罚》中的犯罪学思想

The Criminal Idea of Crime and Punishment

《罪与罚》是俄国作家费奥多尔.米哈伊洛维奇.陀思妥耶夫斯基的作品。作品中,作家讲述了大学生拉斯科尔尼科夫面对生存和精神的双重困境,选择了铤而走险去杀人及其杀人之后和面对刑罚的心理过程的故事。从一个层面看,《罪与罚》是一部不朽的文学名著。从犯罪学的角度看,《罪与罚》中的犯罪学思想至今对我们仍有启示意义。犯罪学家加罗法洛曾将犯罪的概念划分为自然犯罪和法定犯罪两种,但是实际上这两种犯罪的界限并非泾渭分明。至于犯罪原因,拉斯科尔尼科夫的犯罪原因可以从犯罪的社会因素和心理因素来考察。犯罪预防的困难之一是如何预防再犯或累犯。

Crime and Punishment is written by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky of Russia .In the novel, the writer described a story that Raskohikov ,a coUege student facing the difficult situation of existence and spirit, chose to commit murder and was punishment by the hw. From one angle, the novel is famous in literature; from anther angle, the criminals＇ idea of Crime and Punishment has an inspiriting impact on us even until now. The criminals Garofalo have divided the crime into natural crime and legal crime .However, in fact, the boundary of natural crime and legal crime is not so distinct. As to the cause of crime, Raskolnikov chose to commit murder because of the social and the psychological factors. One difficulty of Criminal Prevention is how to prevent the recidivate. The description about the criminal track provides a reflecting angle on how to prevent recidivate for us.