抑郁情绪大学生自传体记忆具体性特点的研究

Specificity of Autobiographical Memory in College Students with Depressive Mood

目的:探讨抑郁情绪大学生自传体记忆的具体性记忆的特点。方法:采用Beck抑郁问卷、SDS抑郁自评量表对某医学院校500名大学生进行测量,筛选出符合两个量表评定标准的被试120人,其中抑郁情绪组60人(轻度32人,中度18人,重度10人)、正常对照组60人,参加自传体记忆测验。结果:①男、女大学生对10个线索词、积极、消极线索词的具体性记忆得分无显著差异(P>0.05);正常对照组与抑郁情绪组的各项具体性记忆得分差异显著(P<0.01),前者的各项具体性记忆得分显著高于后者;正常对照组对积极线索词的具体性记忆得分明显高于消极线索词的得分(P<0.01),而抑郁情绪组对积极、消极线索词的具体性记忆得分无显著差异(P>0.05);②不同程度抑郁情绪组的自传体记忆具体性记忆得分有显著性差异(P<0.01),轻度抑郁情绪组的具体性记忆得分显著高于与中、重度抑郁情绪组,中、重度抑郁情绪组的具体性记忆得分无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:抑郁个体的自传体记忆具体性存在缺陷,其形式表现为过度概括化;自传体记忆的具体性水平与抑郁情绪的严重程度有关。

Objective： To explore the specificity of autobiographical memory in college students with depressive mood. Methods： A total of 500 college students were surveyed by Beck Depression Inventory （BDI） and Self-Rating Depression Seale（SDS）. And 120 college students were chosen for further experiment： 60 with depressive mood （32 mild, 18 moderate and 10 severe） and 60 normal ones. Then they were measured with the Autobiographical Memory test. Results： The scores of specific autobiographical memories of male college students had no significant difference with those of the female ones in memorizing postive and negative cue words（P〉0.05）. The scores of the normal college students were higher than those of the college students with depressive mood, and there existed significant statistical difference between them （P〈0.01）. The scores in memorizing postive cue words were significantly higher than those in memorizing negative cue words in normal college students（P〈O.O1）, but not in those with depressive mood（P〉0.05）. The scores of the college students with different depressive moods had significant differences （P〈0.01）： the students with mild depressive mood had higher scores than the students with moderate and severe depressive moods （P〈0.01）, but there was no significant difference between the students with moderate and severe depressive moods （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： The autobiographical memory of college students with depressive mood has deficits, which is mainly manifested as overgenerality. And the specificity of autobiographical memory is associated with the severity of depressive moods.