滇南岩溶山地4种人工林林下植物群落学特征比较

Ecological Characteristics of Understory Plants of Four Artificial Forests in Karst Mountain Area of Southern Yunnan

通过样地法比较了西南桦林(Betula alnoides forest)、马尖相思林(Acacia mangium forest)、山桂花林(Paramichelia baillonii forest)和高阿丁枫林(Altingia excelsa forest)林下植物的群落学特征,并与次生林和山地雨林进行比较。结果表明,4个群落都以高位芽植物为主,其次为地面芽植物;在高位芽植物中又都以小高位芽植物比例较高;4个群落的叶型谱以小型叶为主,光照生态类型谱以阳生种类为主,水分生态类型谱以中生种类占优势。生活型谱、叶型谱和水分生态类型谱都与热带山地雨林群落一致。从4种人工林林下植物的群落学特征和物种多样性看,山桂花林的水热条件最好,物种多样性值和群落均匀度居4种人工林之首,其次是高阿丁枫林,说明其植物种类成分复杂,生境优越,群落破坏后恢复能力最强,最有利于向顶极演替发展。

The life form spectrum,leaf size spectrum, light and water eco-forms were investigated of understory plants in artificial forests of Betula alnoides, Paramichelia baillonii,Acacia mangium and Altingia excelsa, as well as secondary forest and tropical mountainous rain forests in Xishuangbanna. The results showed that phanerophytes were dominant life forms in the four forests, followed by hemicryptophytes. Micro-phanerophytes comprised highest proportion. The dominant leaf size of understory plan in four forests was mesophyll. The dominant light eco-form was heliophyle. The dominant water eeo-form was mesophyte. The life form spectrum, leaf size spectrum and water eco-form spectrum were similar to those in tropical mountainous rain forests in Xishuangbanna. Among the four forests, P. baillonii forest showed good hydrothermal condition and species diversity, followed by A. excelsa forest,indicating that more complex plant species with favorable habitant have the strongest capability and beneficial to vegetation restoration.