行为学训练对海马梗死大鼠齿状回区神经干细胞分化能力的影响

The effect of behavioral training on neural stem cell differentiation in the dentate gyrus of rats with hippocampal infarction

目的研究行为学训练对海马梗死大鼠齿状回区神经干细胞分化能力的影响。方法将78只SD大鼠随机分为梗死训练组、单纯梗死组及正常对照组。采用光化学法将梗死训练组及单纯梗死组大鼠制成单侧海马梗死模型，梗死训练组大鼠于造模结束后次日给予水迷宫训练，单纯梗死组大鼠于造模结束后正常饲养，未给予水迷宫训练。采用免疫荧光双标法观察各组大鼠不同时间点海马齿状回区溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷（BrdU）、神经元核心抗原（NeuN＇）及胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的标记情况。结果正常对照组海马齿状回区可见少量BrdU／NeuN、BrdU／GFAP阳性双标染色；在术后14～35d期间，梗死训练组及单纯梗死组大鼠海马齿状回区BrdU／NeuN、BrdU／GFAP阳性双标染色均较正常对照组显著增强（均P〈0．05）；并且以梗死训练组BrdU／NeuN、BrdU／GFAP的增强幅度较显著，与单纯梗死组比较，组间差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。结论行为学训练能促进脑缺血大鼠海马神经干细胞向神经元及星形胶质细胞分化，对改善其学习、记忆功能具有重要作用。

Objective To explore the effect of behavioral training on the differentiation of neural stem cells in the dental gyrus （DG） in rats with hippocampus infarction. Methods Seventy-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into infarction plus behavior training group, infarction group and control group. Photochemistry method was used to induce hippocampal infarction in rats of the infarction plus behavioral training group and infarction group. At 1 day after surgery, Morris water maze training was used for infarction plus behavioral training group, free-movement without training was performed for infarction group. Double staining immunofluorescence was used to detect the co-expression of bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU） with neuronal nuclei （NeuN） or glia fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） in the DG at different time points. Results Few BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP double staining ceils were observed in the DG of control rats. In the infarction group and infarction plus behavioral training group the number of BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP double-stained cells increased in the DG on the opposite side compared with the control group on 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th days after surgery （P 〈 0.05 ）. There observed significantly more BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP double-stained cells in the infarction plus behavioral training group than that in the infarction group on the 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th days after surgery （P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Behavioral training can accelerate the differentiation of neural stem cells to neuron and astrocyte, by which to promote the recovery of neural functions.