美国战略石油储备补仓和释放策略分析

Analysis on Strategies of Stockpile and Drawdown of American Strategic Petroleum Reserve

美国是最早建立战略石油储备的国家之一,自20世纪70年代开始已逐步形成了一套比较完善的战略石油储备决策管理体系。历史数据表明,美国战略石油储备的几次释放和补仓时机都把握得很好,充分发挥了战略石油储备保障国家石油供应安全、平抑国际原油价格的作用。本文系统地介绍和分析了美国战略石油储备几次主要的释放和补仓策略,以期为探讨我国战略石油储备的补仓和释放时机与策略,提供决策信息参考。

As one of the earliest countries for strategic petroleum reserve （SPR）, the United States has set a perfect decision management system of SPR, since 1970s. The historical data show that the United States had hold well opportunities for stockpile and drawdown of SPR, and adequately used SPR to ensure national energy security and help moderate international crude oil prices. And thus, the paper systemically introduces and analyzes the strategies of U.S. SPR, so as to provide decisive information for the optimal strategies of stockpile and drawdown of China＇s SPR.